Visual Studio Code has integrated source control and includes Git support. There is a Synchronize Changes action in the Status Bar, next to the branch. The changes and press kbstyle(Ctrl+Enter) (Mac: kbstyle(⌘+Enter) ) to commit them.

Visual Studio is not only one of the oldest IDEs around, having launched in the late-1990s, but it is also one of the most popular. Chances are, if you ask developers what they use, Visual Studio will be among the top answers. And, for good reasons: it is a mature, powerful and versatile IDE that is used across the globe to create websites, desktop software, mobile apps and games in a number of popular programming languages, like C# and C++.

And, every couple of years, Microsoft gives it a major update to add new features, refine existing ones and make it look more modern. This year is no different, as it introduces Visual Studio 2019 -- and, for the first time, a Mac version is ready to go from the start as well. Here are the biggest changes that are coming with it.

New user interface

The user interface has been updated in Visual Studio 2019, with a new startup menu showing right after you launch the IDE. With its predecessor, you would get straight to the main interface, where you'd be typically greeted with a startup tab containing the list of most-recently-used projects. This makes Visual Studio 2019 feel faster initially, as it only has to load a lighter menu as opposed to the fully-fledged interface.

You can still open any of your recent projects from the startup menu, or none at all if you just want to dive right in, so it is not actually a major departure in terms of functionality from this point of view. However, what is interesting, and pretty nice to have, is the option to check out an existing project from a repository or create a new project, which Visual Studio 2017 did not expose right away. With Microsoft embracing Git, and heavily promoting GitHub, having the former there is to be expected.

In other areas of the IDE you are unlikely to notice changes as major as this. However, there is a new icon which looks more modern, the blue theme is changed slightly to make it feel more fresh (and blue), the top menu takes up less space vertically, so you have more available for your code, and the notifications are more tightly integrated within the UI.

Are the changes drastic? Well, no. Microsoft wanted to make Visual Studio 2019 feel more modern, but at the same time it strived to make it feel familiar to those who are coming from a previous version. Feedback has been extremely important here, helping the company strike a good balance between looks and usability. The changes to the blue theme especially have triggered a lot of responses from developers, which Microsoft took to heart.

Code cleanup

Visual Studio users wanting to clean up their code and maintain a consistent style have typically had to rely on third-party tools like ReSharper, which can automatically apply their preferences using just a single shortcut or two.

With Visual Studio 2019, Microsoft is trying to close that gap. The Code Cleanup functionality, which can be triggered using a keyboard shortcut or via a lightbulb menu, lets users remove and sort using statements, apply type preferences, inline 'out' variables and more in a single go.

Users can pick and choose what sort of options they want to trigger and how it will be enforced. For instance, type declaration can be configured to be implicit (using the var keyword) or explicit (like, for instance, List<string>). Or you can choose to go for an expression-style body, instead of block body for, say, properties. It's your call.

The code cleanup functionality represents a major step up over what Visual Studio 2017 has to offer, but is it good enough to replace an extension like ReSharper? Well, not quite. But, for folks who do not have such an extension available at their disposal, they'll certainly love that it's there.

Better search

Microsoft has improved the search functionality in Visual Studio 2019 to make it easier to find what you are looking for. The biggest improvement is available when debugging, as the IDE now gives developers the option to search through objects while debugging, in up to 10 levels of nesting.

This should make it easier to find, for instance, which index is the object that contains 'fileforum' in its Name property, as shown above. What's more, Visual Studio 2019 will automatically highlight the objects that match the search criteria, which should make finding what you are looking for easier than before.

.NET Core 3 support

When .NET Core 3 launches later this year, Visual Studio 2019 will support it out of the box. In fact, according to Microsoft, it will actually be the only version of the popular IDE to do so. Visual Studio for Mac (presumably in its 2019 guise) and Visual Studio Code also make the cut, in case you would like to try the new framework on a different platform (or prefer a lighter editor).

What's more, in Visual Studio 2019, .NET Core 3 (and higher) will enable access to a pretty interesting new feature. Microsoft has introduced support for setting data breakpoints, which basically means that a breakpoint will only be hit when the property you want to inspect -- like a collection's Count -- changes.

This is a feature that was only available to C++ developers and it can be accessed by right-clicking on the property in, say, a Locals window and enabling the respective option. Microsoft says that it's not available for properties that you cannot expand, static variables, classes that have the DebuggerTypeProxy attribute or fields that are inside structs.

DPI awareness

Multi-monitor setups are great, as they make development easier, but they are not without fault. When you mix and match scaling settings, or just go above 100 percent, you run into what many folks call blurry or fuzzy text.

What happens is you'll often end up with text that looks great on one monitor but terrible when you move the window onto another that is configured differently. Or it may look bad across the board. The workaround for this can be to have the scaling down to 100 percent, which makes text look sharp across all monitors. However, the downside is that it can become unreadable on a high-resolution monitor.

The solution? Optimize the program to take these settings and hardware capabilities into account. With Visual Studio 2019, Microsoft is taking a step in the right direction, introducing an option to optimize the rendering for these kind of setups. It's a feature that is dependent on having .NET Framework 4.8 installed though, as otherwise it'll be grayed out in the Options menu.

Based on my experience with it, this feature still needs work to render text as sharp as I'd like them to be on my multi-monitor setup. However, as Microsoft notes, this is a work in progress, so it's likely to continue well after Visual Studio 2019 launches. Hopefully, it will not take too long before all major areas of the IDE are optimized for it.

Mac version gets some love too

After all this talk about Visual Studio 2019, it's time to give Visual Studio 2019 for Mac some attention too as it comes with its own set of noteworthy changes to make developers accustomed to its Windows brother feel more at home. As you might expect, that starts with the user interface, which welcomes users with a similar start menu.

There is also an updated coding editor, which shares its core components with Visual Studio for Windows, that has a new interface. It is available as a preview, which means that it is not yet ready for prime time, and it only supports C# files for the moment. But, it looks to be a big step forward in terms of usability.

A I-wonder-what-it-took-so-long addition is the option to open multiple instances, which should make it easier for developers to work on two or more solutions at the same time. Needless to say, this feature has been present in the Windows version for ages and many, myself included, have missed it while working on their Mac.

Speaking of having multiple things open, Visual Studio 2019 for Mac also lets you set multiple startup projects. This should come in especially handy if you have a larger-scale solution where projects depend on one another to work.

The list of changes also includes the switch to the Unity debugger from the Windows version, support for Azure DevOps (or, as it's been known before, Team Foundation Server) and Microsoft Account authentication with Git. Last, but not least, you have update detection for Azure functions templates.

What we don't have yet at this stage is support for .NET Core 3 -- not even in its preview form. That's said to come when it launches, so if you want to use the open-source framework in the meantime you'll have to make do with Visual Studio Core or use Windows. However, it'll work nicely with .NET Core 2.2, which is the latest stable version available for now.

Should you upgrade?

If you have the option to move to Visual Studio 2019, whether you're on Windows or Mac, you should install it right away to familiarize yourself with it and switch when you think it's stable enough for your needs. This version of the longstanding IDE is really good, thanks to all the nice changes Microsoft has introduced throughout. Upgrading is a no brainer.

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In previous article, we reset the changes we made. In this article, I will dig into branching.

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Branch in Git

Branching can be considered a copy of entire repository. You typically use branch when you add some changes but keep the original project intact. If you can copy entire repository, then you can do whatever you want without worries too much, right? However if you physically copy entire repository, it make take some times and the disk usage doubled. This is where Git branch does great job.

Let’s add branch to see how it does.

1. Before even create a branch, check the repository size and number of files and folders. There are 49 Files and 36 Folders in .git directory, and the size is 76 KB.

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2. Run ‘git branch dev’ to create dev branch.

3. Check the .git folder property again. Only two files are added. What are those file? You can see “dev” file in .gitrefsheads and .gitlogsrefsheads directories.

4. Let’s see what the dev file contains. The file under refsheads contains SHA1 hash value which is the latest commit. The one under logs contains history.

5. When you see .gitrefsheadsmaster, it points to same SHA1 hash. So when I create a branch, it didn’t copy any repository file, but simply add a file pointing to same SHA1 hash as current HEAD. This is why Git branching works very fast.

6. What happens when I switch the branch? Run ‘git checkout dev’, and see HEAD file. As you can see, it simply update HEAD file to pointing to dev branch file.

Commit in branch

Now I have dev branch in addition to master branch. Let’s see what happens when commit something.

1. Run ’git branch’ to make sure you are on dev branch.

2. Add “Class4.cs” file to the solution and commit the change. As Class4.cs is brand new file, you cannot use ‘git commit -a’ option. You have to use ‘git add’ to explicitly move to staging area. Another important thing is to save all from Visual Studio as .csproj file is not saved automatically. I did specify file to add this time, and use commit -a option to stage and commit csproj file.

3. Run ‘git log --oneline --graph’ to see the history. HEAD points to dev branch, but it seems like adding another commit on top of existing one. Because it is .

4. Switch to master to see history again. Run ‘git checkout master’ and ‘git log --oneline --graph’. The latest commit (473591c) is not shown as it only lives on dev branch.

Delete branch

What happens if I delete dev branch at this moment?

1. Run ‘git branch -d dev’ to delete the branch. Git won’t let you delete it when you changed something but didn’t merge anywhere. Why? Because you may lose the change you did.

2. Run ‘git branch -D dev’ as error said to force delete it. I could delete the branch and Git kindly lets me know the commit SHA1 value.

3. Open Explorer to see if dev file is gone. And yes it did. So did we lose the “Class4.cs” file forever?

4. No it didn’t as Git won’t delete items for a while (90 days as I mentioned in previous articles). There are many ways to restore it depending on the situation. Run ‘git reset --hard 473591c’ and ‘git log --oneline’. I could restore the commit as I didn’t have any commit on top of master while I commit to dev branch. I will discuss this further in the future articles.

Branch operation in VS

Now it’s time to branch from Visual Studio. There are many ways to work with branch in VS, but my favorite one is from the status bar.

1. Check the branch icon on the bottom right. It shows current branch information.

2. Click master and click “New Branch”, which navigates you to Branch pane.

3. Enter name in the first text box, and select any branch in the dropdown box, where you want to make branch from. It means the branch you created will point to the same commit as the selected branch. You notice there is “Checkout branch” checkbox. If you check it, it will issue ‘git checkout -b dev’ command which create a branch and checkout. Click “Create Branch”.

4. Once you created a new branch, you see two branches in Branches pane. Right click the master, then you can checkout, or you can easily checkout the branch from status bar. I, again, prefer to use the status bar as it is there all the time and easy to spot which branch I am on now.

5. After you confirm you are on dev branch, add Class5.cs. Right click the project and select commit.

6. Enter commit comment and click “Commit All”. The great part of using Visual Studio is that it prompts you to save file if you didn’t .

7. See the history from Action menu. You see dev points to the latest commit and master still on the previous commit.

8. Okay, delete dev branch now. Go to Branches menu from Team Explorer, and right checkout to master.

9. Right click dev branch and click Delete. Same as Git, VS warns me about unmerging change. Click OK will delete the branch, which is equivalent to ‘git branch -D dev’.

10. Same as previous article, I couldn’t find a way to restore deleted commit from VS. You can do it via Git though.

Restore branch

Finally, let’s think about how we can restore branch.

1. To illustrate this, I re-created dev branch and added two commits by adding Class5.cs and Class6.cs.

2. If I delete the branch at this point, it looks like this.

3. When I run ‘git reset --hard 096f270’, it restores all commit chains, but then master points to the latest commit. So how can I keep the master points to previous one (473591c) and restore dev branch points to 096f279?

4. Let’s move back to previous state by running ‘git reset --hard 473591c’

5. From here, run ‘git checkout 096f270’, which gives me a warning saying I am on ‘undetached HEAD’ state. This means I am on commit which no branch pointing to. You remember master is the only branch I have and it points to 473591c.

6. Run ‘git branch’. You see I am on commit 096f270 but not a part of any branch.

7. Run ‘git checkout -b dev’ and ‘git log --oneline --graph’. This seems restore the branch and its state. Why? The checkout -b command created a branch named dev, and keep all the commit, yay!

Summary

Visual Studio supports many branching features, but not everything. (Or at least I couldn’t figure it out.) One thing for sure is that even though you delete the branch you need, no worries too much, as Git will keep everything as long as you committed. As I did branch, I will investigate merging and rebasing in the next article. Go to next article.

Ken